Search Results

The methods used at the British Road Research Laboratory to collect data relating to the injuries sustained by vehicle occupants in road accidents are described. Vehicles of differing interior structural design give rise to different patterns of injury to their occupants, the probable mechanisms producing these injuries have been deduced from the detailed examination of the damage to the car interior caused by the impact of the occupant during the accident. The damage observed in cars involved in accidents and associated with particular injuries was reproduced on undamaged cars of the same make and model, using a suitable dynamic impact method, to give an indirect assessment of the forces causing the injuries.

Definite knowledge as to the behavior of gases and liquids in the manifold of an internal-combustion engine being lacking, an attempt is made to answer the questions: (a) How bad is the distribution, (b) how do the different types of manifold compare, (c) why is the liquid distribution in some manifolds poor and (d) how shall we proceed to correct the trouble? The solution of the problem is affected by the facts that, in extremely cold weather, nearly all fuel is delivered to the engine, at the time of starting, as a liquid; that all cars perform poorly under such conditions, some engines, when cold, “hitting” on only one or two cylinders; and that, because of inferior distribution, many multi-cylinder engines are outperformed by single-cylinder engines of similar design.

Shuttle Transoceanic Abort Landing (TAL) sites, located on the African coast and in Spain, require an emergency medical capability for astronauts who may be injured in an abort landing. The remote African TAL sites present unusual medical planning and logistical problems. Two broad options to meet the challenge of providing advanced emergent medical care at TAL sites were explored by the Department of Defense (DOD) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The first option considered using a modified surgical response team, and the second involved using physician/medical technician teams. The physician/technician team concept proved the more cost-effective solution for providing medical support in these regions. Research on the logistics of blood procurement, blood refrigeration, power, air evacuation, and search and rescue (SAR) requirements led to the development of an effective TAL site astronaut medical support system.

The work presented here seeks to compare different means of providing scavenging systems for an automotive 2-stroke engine. It follows on from previous work solely investigating uniflow scavenging systems, and aims to provide context for the results discovered there as well as to assess the benefits of a new scavenging system: the reverse-uniflow sleeve-valve. For the study the general performance of the engine was taken to be suitable to power a medium-duty truck, and all of the concepts discussed here were compared in terms of indicated fuel consumption for the same cylinder swept volume using a one-dimensional engine simulation package. In order to investigate the sleeve-valve designs layout drawings and analysis of the Rolls-Royce Crecy-type sleeve had to be undertaken.

Under a program funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc. (ACT) has developed a series of passive thermal management techniques for cooling avionics. Many avionics packages are often exposed to environment temperatures much higher than the maximum allowable temperatures of the electronics. This condition prevents the rejection of waste heat generated by these electronics to the surrounding environment and results in significant ambient heat gain. As a result, heat must be transported to a remote sink. However, sink selection aboard modern aircraft is limited at best. Often, the only viable sink is aircraft fuel and, depending on mission profile, the fuel temperature can become too high to effectively cool avionics. As a result, the electronic components must operate at higher than intended temperatures during portions of the mission profile, which reduces component lifetime and significantly increases the probability of failure.

In a transmission for Automobiles, the driver's comfort of smooth shifting and selection of gears is a major concern for the transmission designer. To achieve this comfort, lot of work and improvement has been done in the past few years and still some more improvements are in continuation by the automobile manufacturer. Apart from the smooth shifting and selection of gears while driving, the safety of the driver is also a major concern for the vehicle manufacturer. This paper relates to a safety Interlock mechanism of vehicle gear shifter selector lever to a drive position, until a predetermined condition is satisfied. There are various gear shift pattern exists in the vehicles, which depends upon the number of gears in the gearbox. Generally, two types of gear shift pattern are commonly used in commercial vehicles. 1st-2nd, 3rd- 4th, 5th-6th, Rev and Rev-1st, 2nd-3rd, 4th-5th, 6th.

Rotational motion of the head as a mechanism for brain injury was proposed back in the 1940s. Since then a multitude of research studies by various institutions were conducted to confirm/reject this hypothesis. Most of the studies were conducted on animals and concluded that rotational kinematics experienced by the animal's head may cause axonal deformations large enough to induce their functional deficit. Other studies utilized physical and mathematical models of human and animal heads to derive brain injury criteria based on deformation/pressure histories computed from their models.

Aviation industry is striving to leverage the technological advancements in connectivity, computation and data analytics. Scalable and robust connectivity enables futuristic applications like smart cabins, prognostic health management (PHM) and AI/ML based analytics for effective decision making leading to flight operational efficiency, optimized maintenance planning and aircraft downtime reduction. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are gaining prominence on the aircraft for providing large scale connectivity solution that are essential for implementing various health monitoring applications like Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), Prognostic Health Management (PHM), etc. and control applications like smart lighting, smart seats, smart lavatory, etc. These applications help in improving passenger experience, flight operational efficiency, optimized maintenance planning and aircraft downtime reduction.